Construction of the tail surfaces begins in the same way as every other piece up to this point: by drawing the outline on the construction table. I began with the rudder, as the 3/8 inch tubing is easy to bend by hand. Each rib is different, and has a fairly tricky profile to bend, so I opted to buy those from Steen Aerolab. It was a great time saver.
The ribs were formed to fit the 3/8 tube and the spar, making sure to slip the hinge sections in place first, and then tack welded. I used the plans type hinges, which are larger diameter tubes slid over the spars that have 3/8 tube reamed out to 1/4 inside welded to it to hold the hinge pins. I incured a lot of distortion while welding them to the spars. It took a lot of strategic re-heating to get things back to a semblance of their pre-welded straightness. If I were to do it all over, I'd think about using strap type hinges found on Pitts and Acrosport biplanes. They are apparently much easier and you can use the groovy gap seal made for them.
I made the fin next, which with 5/8 tubing couldn't be bent by hand. I have an experienced builder friend who recommended bending it around a form after heating. I tried his technique a got a lumpy mess. I couldn't heat it evenly enough, so some places bent easier than others. In the end I used a conduit bender as Hale Wallace recomends in the builder's notes. It worked okay, although I pulled my vise right off my workbench the first time I tried it. I mounted the fin with zero offset as recommended in the plans.

